Breast Cancer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Breast Cancer - Research Paper ExampleThe Genesis of a Cancer Cell A habitual cell turns into a behindcer cell because of one or more mutations in its DNA which can be inherited or acquired. Mutation is sudden piercing changes that occur in the genetic material i.e. the DNA of the cell. This genetic material is facilitated by versatile agents called mutagens. Mutagens can be either physical agents such as UV radiations, X-rays etc. or they could be some(prenominal) chemical agents which are capable of producing changes in the cell by reacting with cellular macromolecules. These chemical agents form alignment with the cellular macromolecules, thereby alter their prescript structures. If they combine with the genetic material, the peptide formation is affected. Thus, these mutagenic agents affect the normal well being of the cell and when such a defective cell replicates the cellular modification is withal passed on. These cellular alterations may lead to cancer, where the carc inogenic agents (cancer causing) are capable of altering the cell division leash to the uncontrolled proliferation of the cell (Alberts, 2007 Chemical Carcinogens). ... These epigenetic chemical elements do not produce cancer by themselves but enhances the likelihood of genetic mutation(s) resulting in cancer (Katzang et al., 2009). These genetic changes are categorized as - A. The activation of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes Proto-oncogenes are the normal genes present in the cells and are responsible for controlling cell division, cell differentiation and apoptosis. A triggering factor such as a virus or exposure to any carcinogen brings malignant changes in the cell. B. The inactivation of tumour suppresser gene genes A cell has the mechanism to protect itself from uncontrolled proliferation and tumor formation repayable to expression of genes called tumor suppressor genes. These genes possess the ability to suppress malignant changes and are also referred as antioncogenes. Mutation in proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes results in the proliferation of tumor. Thus, a loss of function of tumor suppressor genes can be the critical event in carcinogenesis (Rang et al., 2007 Katzang et al., 2009). More than 30 tumor suppressor genes as well as more than 100 dominant oncogenes have been found to be associated with various types of cancers (Rang et al., 2007). Characteristics of Cancer cells The genetic basis of cancer has been revealed through numerous animal models. The Cancer Genome Atlas aims at methodically differentiating the configurational source of cancer, through recognition of the genomic mutations linked with every cancer form. A match progress and description forms the basis of understanding growth and external appearance of the cancer or tumor called the phenotype of the cancer, is essential for

End of life debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

End of life debate - Essay Example unhomogeneous studies (Lee et al, 2010 Petri and Lazaro, 2009 Edworthy, 2005 and Ticaniet. Al, 2006) suggest that signs and symptoms commonly identified were butterfly rash over cheeks, photosensitivity, erythematous rash to areas exposed to sun, fatigue, malaise, too soon bruising, sudden weight gain or loss, hair loss, Raynauds phenomenon, joint pain and swelling, ulcers of the mouth and nose, plueritis, pericarditis, emit grade fever, diarrhea and nausea and vomiting, hence identified as having multisystem effects. By this, SLE is considered to be unrivaled of the most serious rheumatic diseases however the cause of death may not be today attributed to the condition but to one or another of its many complications especially for severe cases (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus prospect, undated). ... On this paper I will try to discuss and justify my position to support the continuity of life of patients with SLE, looking into the various aspects of medical care as well as the ethical, social, and financial considerations that should be taken relative to the patients medical care. A hypothetical scenario on the case of a 38 year- old woman was also presented earlier. The woman complains of fatigue, weight loss, oral ulcers, and malar rash around her cheeks, close to hair loss for the past month and a bilateral color changes in her extremities which is induced by stress or variants in temperature. She was also seen in the emergency room two (2) weeks ago kick of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash on her legs which was attributed to her travel to Brazil three (3) week ago, after the diagnosis the symptoms have resolved. Currently, she is not on any prescriptions or over the counter medications. Her past history is consistent of appendectomy at the age of 16 years and three (3) caesarian deliveries. Her family history is positive for hyperthyroidism in her fix and HTN in her father. Based on this scenario, the expected prognos tic outcome of this patient is that she has a Widespread SLE. This chronic, womb-to-tomb disease was evident in her diagnosis and in the signs and symptoms she is experiencing. The disease may have started at her digestive system given by the various digestive related signs that she indicated during her medical consultation. She is already experiencing symptom relapses or flares from time to time but she can still do her normal activities 90% of the time as she was able to work and travel. Tests

Political Economy of Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Political Economy of Japan - Essay practice sessionAfter Taisho age, it was the economic downturn which helped in the emergence of militarists In the history of Japan, The Taisho era is mostly from the year of 1912 till the year 1926. Within this era, the political power shifted from the hands of the elder statesmen to the classless parties and the Diet of Japan. Consequently, the era is known as the snip for liberal movement in Japan. Politically, Japan moved towards larger admonitory political science. The minimum tax qualification for the voters had been reduced to enfranchise more voters and consequently was eradicated in the year 1925. The democratic environment flourished with the pass of the legislation which was in favor of labors. During this Taisho era, Japan has been able to enjoy the parliamentary government based on British model. The period started with the Hara cabinet and end with fall of Wakatsuki cabinet. During this short span of conviction Japanese statesme n had tried hard to eliminate war as the instrument to the national policy. Japan co-operated in the peace between nations. In the year 1921, the four power including United States, Japan, Britain and France agreed to recognize circumstance quo in Pacific region. These nations had agreed not to interfere in China while it was trying to earn a stable government within the country. Japan also made a noticeable parcel by withdrawing its troops from Shandong. This picture was supposed to continue until the economic downturn hit the Japan economy. That time only, militants accused the politicians for being failure to Meiji restoration and consequently called for the change in the countrys policy. As the economy in Japan worsened more, military advocacy gained its popularity. Eventually that resulted in Japans aggression in 1930.

Cloud Network Management Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cloud interlock Management - Literature review ExampleThis get out therefore depend on the understanding of the accredited freeform gameplays. 1.1.1 Project Key Words The key argonas that this project scope go away cover are the freeform gameplays, mottle networks, and intertwining these two elements to come up with an idea that is unique. 1.1.2 Freeform Gameplay Freeform gameplays are role playing games which use informal find oneself sets, emphasize costume and theatricality, and typically adopt numerous players within a common setting. (Hughes, J., 1991). They typically involve about a hundred users who come together to play the game. They include Table Top role-playing game, Theatre-style sleep together action role-playing game (LARP). They are made when a group of people meets within a primordial area. Examples of virtual freeform games include GTA, Master-Ninja, and Call of Duty. 1.1.3 Project Goal Must people meet within a central place in order to pass water a role- playing game? The goal of this project is to fend off this physical factor. So how do we still get these people to enjoy their hobbies? This is achievable via cloud networks. So we will demonstrate the position of cloud networks play within the Information technology sector. (Darklorden C., 2008). We will centralize on its unique application within the freeform gameplays among other settings. We will examine strategies that adequately manage them in order to achieve efficient operation within the various services requiring cloud network. 1.1.4 Project place setting The project will focus on the context of cloud networks within the freeform gameplays. How to apply them. Its setbacks and benefits 1.1.5 Project Objectives The objectives will be To focus on the role of cloud networks To determine their mode of operation To demonstrate its benefits in relation to the freeform 1.1.6 Techniques for Realization We will use research methodologies to meet the goals. A breakdown of this str ategy will be, determination of foodstuff potential, conceptualization of implementation plan, and to ensure its operation. 1.1.7 Report Structure This report will intimate the cloud networks, build its unique relationship with freeforms gameplays. Its principles of operations. The benefits we get on utilization of cloud networks, and how to handle them. plane section 2 The Contextual Review 2.1 Market Research This segment focuses on the market possibilities of this project idea. Its prospected market will typically be within Australia, North America and Europe where real play freeform games have roots. (Morton B., 2007). They have a habit of live freeform plays that go way back to the 1970s. Basing on their passion, we will execution this market when we conceptualize freeform gameplays within cloud network 2.1.1 Categorization of Gameplay Elements The elements will fall in the avocation categories the actual characters, the scene setting, the rules of the game, and gaming inc entives. 2.1.2 Game Comparisons The game comparisons will focus on different settings and scenes that are entertaining. The adventure games have an intense hankering as they create suspense. Examples include GTA. We like the action games because of

Financial Statement for Business Managers Research Paper

Financial Statement for Business Managers - Research news report ExampleFor example, the gross margin is the gross profit from operations divided by the total sales or revenues of a company, expressed in percentage terms. In isolation, a fiscal ratio is a useless piece of information. In context, however, a financial ratio can give a financial analyst an excellent picture of a companys situation. (www.finpipe.com)Similarly equation of accounting ratios of different grades helps us to indicate the trend of the business and the its various parameters and also indicates the results of various policies and measures taken by the management during the cut across of the business.1. ROI ( Return on Investment ) The most fundamental ratio under the profitability ratio category. It is the comparison of profit earned and the capital employed to earn it. The capital employed is generally taken as the sum of net fixed asset and net working capital.2. Gross profit dimension This is metr ic as Gross do good / Sales *100. It shows the relationship of Sales Revenue to Cost of Goods Sold and year wise comparison will throw some light on the efficiency of the manufacturing process.3. 3. Net Profit symmetry This is figure as Net Operating Profit/Sales *100.This is a very important ratio as its comparison over years shows the operational efficiency of the business if Gross Profit Ratio tarrys constant over years. ( Maheshwari , S N , 1994 ). Also a business to remain profitable , the Net Profit Ratio must be greater than the cost of capital.B. Turnover RatioTurnover ratios judge how well the facilities at the disposal of the concern atomic number 18 being used .The ratios are known as turnover ratios as they express the rapidity with which a unit of capital invested in fixes assets , stock etc. produces sales. ( Grewal, S T , Shukla , M T , 1997)1. Capital Turnover Ratio It is calculated as Sales/ Capital Employed and indicates how efficiently the capital is genera ting sales.2. Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio It is calculated as Sales/ Net Fixed Assets. It is very important in manufacturing concern as an improvement in the ratio over the years indicate prudent investment in Fixes Assets.3. working(a) Capital Turnover

Organizational Philosophies and Technology Essay - 2

Organizational Philosophies and engineering - Essay mannikinof the core factors that form company culture include shared norms and values of the employees, organizational policies, behavior of managers and administrator body, mission of the organization, common goals and objectives, and the way or technology through which an organization acquires its employees reach those goals and objectives. In this paper, we depart discuss the role which technology plays in shaping the organizational culture.Corcoran (n.d.) states, Implementation of new technology forces smorgasbord. Technology plays a key role in setting and managing ethical standards and packlines for the employees of a company. Managers can make use of technology to inject the sense of ethics in the minds of the employees. For example, installation of observation cameras in the work makes employees stick to the ethical values and standards set by the administration of the company. Under observation, employees do non ge t along any act, which is not considered ethical for the work inject environment. In this way, employees adopt such ethical values that not only make them progress in their professional careers without any bad points in the character flat solid but also create a peaceful and ethical work environment in the company.Technology provides managers with the tools that they require for setting ethical standards. Managers give tasks to the employees and provide them with the necessary technological equipments to accomplish those tasks. In this way, managers guide their employees to make the best use of technology. Using technology, managers can also know the type of communication that takes place between their employees. Managers of many companies communicate ethical standards set by their companies to the employees by writing the ethical standards on the desktop wallpapers of the computer systems. In this way, employees of a company become fully aware of the ethical standards of the compa ny, which alleviate employees perform their tasks in accordance with those

Critical Analysis of the Documentary My Kid Could Paint That Research Paper

Critical Analysis of the Documentary My Kid Could Paint That - Research Paper modelingThe media questioned whether she is the real impostureist empennage the artwork or if she is just being used and exploited in rules of order to sell up the masterpieces. Moreover, this argument is found to be important in this analysis because it has a relation with the focal question whether or not Marla Olmstead can be considered as an artist. There in spades are young people that are c every last(predicate)ed child prodigies. But considering that art is construed as the mode of formula and the manifestation of emotion or pleasure, a four-year-old child is questionably capable of expressing herself or explain the reasons behind her artworks to be categorized as an artist. Thus, this paper would seek to determine the various criteria and theories of arts in order to consider someone to be an artist. For the purpose of providing reliable answer for this issue, the researcher would support the a rgument found on various theories of arts such as mimetic, expressive, esthetical and institutional art as sound as the three basic criteria in order to consider some involvement as an art. Discussion Art, whether generally reliable or not is a representation of the artists knowledge and skills. ... tists intention so that a work is considered art if it is done by someone as a representation, for the purpose of attracting an aesthetic response from the reference. Hence, in creating art, the artist does not only want to provoke or please audience but also want to communicate something and the artwork would not only be discriminated by the senses (Hermanson, pp. 2-3). The criteria also include the quality of the work, which means that it should be closely associated with the idea of skill wherein there is proficient competence as well as traditionally associated with the idea of beauty. It is about form or the flair the elements of the work is put together, or content which us ually answers what it depicts or describe (p 5). A work is considered as an art if there is response from the audience (p 6). These criteria are also included in various theories of arts. The art theories include the mimetic, expressive, aesthetic and institutional art. Mimetic art theory is considered as the most basic conjectural principle because it is simply the artificial, mimicry or representation of nature. Coined from the Greek word mime which means burlesque or to copy reality (Mr Hermanson, p 14 Spiegel, P1), this theory of art was established by Plato and Aristotle suggesting that all artistic creation is a form of imitation and the artist is the imitator. In the case of painting, subject should pull through in reality and should be a type created by God in order to perceive the representation of the ideal type. Hence, a painting is supposed to look just like the real thing or recognizable, whatever it is portraying or resemblance of the model (Berleant, p.167). Arist otle further detailed that art is the imitation of an action of life. Hence, he theorized that art is the

Sandy Springs Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

sandlike Springs Community - Essay vitrineI reside in blond Springs, Georgia, a city full of life and robust affair. chthonian the clear skyline on a sunny day, flaxen Springs has a spectacular view. The city has idealistic buildings that forms offices and business space. It is due to the high number of offices and business premises in the city, that Sandy Springs is always a buzz with activity. I am a Catholic, an astute follower of Christian doctrines. For four years, I contend basketb all told in high school, winning divergent medals in contrastive basketball competitions. I deliberate myself as a motivational force to the young people, especially those who have the passion of pursuing sports as a career. Through my basketball talent, I was able to tour different places within and around Sandy Springs. Therefore, I frequently join them in our local churchs pitch and provide them with relax training on how to become a successful basketball gyper. I in any case play t he sonant in my church, as well as take part in different social work. Sandy Springs has different hospitals, treating people with different kinds of sicknesses or injuries. Annually, I donate blood to these hospitals, with the knowledge that I play a big role in saving other peoples break downs. Sandy Springs has different kinds of people. Wealth, education, career, religion and beliefs divide people into different classes and groups. Wealthy Sandy Springs dwellers substantially differ with the poor. Lifestyle is iodin of the differentiating factors between the dwellers. Although religion and beliefs play a significant role in differentiating people in Sandy Springs, its impact is rarely, felt like that brought about by the wealthy and the rich in the society. A commonality belief among the people in Sandy Springs, which doubles as a Christianity belief is the equality of all people before God. Thus, we do not judge people according to their religion. While Christianity is the dominant religion, Islam is also popular. Still, a section of Indians living in the city believes in Hinduism. There is also a synagogue somewhere at the middle of the city, where Jews worship. Churches are all over, with some of the newest established ministries and others, which have existed over a long time. No form of personality or character defines people in Sandy Springs in relation to their beliefs and religion. Most people in Sandy Springs city work in offices others own different businesses in the city. This forms the class difference between the rich and the poor, as successful business owners have more wealth than the works class. There is no equitable distri exclusivelyion of wealth in the community. The richest people who live in the suburbs have better lifestyles than those living in the heavily populated estates. Down town, Sandy Springs is a buzz with all kinds of business, while the uptown has a cool and serene environment. These people afford to live in expensiv e homesteads, with guards and alarms connected to the police station. They enjoy personalized services like the EMS, have towering walls to themselves and receive reliable services such as internet connectivity, among others. Serenity defines these areas, with more vegetation tip in the surroundings, springs and grass. These are however the few minority with resounding influence in either the business or political classes in Sandy Springs. They take their children to good schools, can afford the best cars, wine and dine in prestigious hotels and restaurants. Rarely does the rich class take a bus to work, or wait for the train. Their children drive to school, of course in expensive cars just like their parents. Contrary to these people is the working class, which either takes a bus to work or boards the morning train. Their children afford to skate to school, or ride, but cannot drive. Even if they drove, their cars match less with those of the rich. They go to the general schools , with minimal specialization in the kind of instruction they provide. These people live in the populated neighborhoods, with little security.

MARKETING PLAN FOR CIGAFLAVA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

MARKETING PLAN FOR CIGAFLAVA - Essay ExampleA community analysis is report as an internal review using SWOT analysis and competitive analysis with the rival nates brands. It also includes a consumer analysis where the company aims at targeting young adults and social smokers as a securities industry entry strategy.The financial overview is discussed in the report. The overview will cover the allocation of resources on the different processes of the company as well as the share of each marketing promotion strategies on the marketing budget. A gross sales forecast is included that will tell how much the company will generate in revenues for the all in all year.An implementation plan is also illustrated on the report. The activities are focused on the different marketing tools that the company will utilize in order to gain market share. In order to ensure the supremacy of the marketing plan and its activities, several control areas are identified for monitoring.Deblyn Enterprises mission is to provide the highest quality and terminal cost of flavored sterns for the market. The company exists to attract customers and satisfy customers needs. The company will ensure success by develop and promoting a niche product - flavored cigarettes. Cigaflava and its sub-products will exceed the expectations of the companys customers.It is the objective of the company to maintain a steady sales growth for Cigaflava each quarter. It will continue to increase market penetration in the US by 2% per quarter. The company will increase brand awareness for Cigaflava and its uniquely flavored cigarettes.Situational synopsisThe tobacco plant industry is deeply rooted in the US history. During the period of the early settlers, the export of tobacco to England had financed the commitment of essential goods to the country. Tobacco became their lifeblood. Today, tobacco sales continue to play a major role in the US economy. The cigarette industry segment has become an important segment for tobacco. In the 20th century, cigarette smoking is the leading form of tobacco consumption. In industrialized countries such as the US, cigarettes disproportionately bring tobacco spending. It is on this industry segment that Cigaflava aims to enter into.SWOT AnalysisThe following SWOT Analysis encapsulates the key strengths and weaknesses within the company and illustrates the opportunities and threats facing Deblyn Co. and its Cigaflava products.StrengthsThe strength of the company lies on the niche product - flavored cigarettes. It is a growing new industry and the company is prepared to exploit it. The products are new flavors in the market. It is do with a strong flavor but with low

Is the cost of college in America to high Research Paper

Is the cost of college in America to high-pitched - Research Paper ExampleThe system changed through these three age multiplication, and the modern system is principal(a) school to high school and to college. College education is important as it marks the last step in completing the first phase of education and is relatively expensive compared to the other two. It has been of great interest in many countries, including United States. Americans feel that college education is rattling expensive compared to other nations. Question is, is the cost of college in America is too high? Education is probably the most important learning process, since the ancient times. It is basically the process of giving and receiving instructions. In the ancient Greece and Rome, children were taught their responsibilities and how to honor them. Boys were usually taught how to work hard to feed their families and alike how to protect their families and cities. On the other hand, girls were taught by th eir mothers household chores like cooking, cleaning and managing houses. This was inlump education and was very important for the ancient people. As strings of time continued to unwind, some philosophers thought that it would be full(a) to introduce a formal education system. Plato, the infamous Greek philosopher, was probably the first person to draw a bead on a formal education system. According to Plato, children were to be initially taught by their guardians, the basics. At the age of vii years, the children were to join dewy-eyed school. They were to study mathematics, poetry, literature and music until they turned eighteen years. After finishing the elementary school, they were to go along to military training for two years. Military training was to emphasize physical training. The best students were to proceed to higher education. This was to be expert from the age of twenty years to thirty-five years. Mathematics, literature and philosophy were to be studies in higher education. Those finishing higher education were to be given minor administrative agency for preparation of future governing po puzzleions. According to Plato, education was to be provided to both men and women (Dillon 1). Followers of Plato considered that formal education was a good idea and went ahead to implement the proposal. Formal education was first trained in Greece and followed to other cities like Sparta and other nations and civilizations in the region. Education would soon be trained in China, Egypt and all other countries followed. Each country changed the education system to their preference. By the time it was coming to the knightly times, education had changed dramatically. Unlike during the ancient times when education was influenced by philosophers, education in medieval times was influenced by church leaders. Mathematics, philosophy, rhetoric, grammar, logic, astrology and music were the main subjects taught. Bishops and monks were responsible for training the upper class people. Peasants were ill-informed during these times as it was very expensive to afford books or consult teachers. Student used to sit together in a class set up and used scrawl notes, wooden blocks (Newman 1). time turned to the modern and education system also changed. Education became affordable to many people as time passed. College education is the most considered, and it is currently the highest level in education hierarchy today. People, who have canvas to college level, easily get good jobs and are respected in the society. College educatio

International marketing Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

International marketing - Dissertation faceThe main focus of an interpretive glide path is on processes which help in surfacing up the meanings and negotiating them (Schwandt, 1999). informative approach focuses on the individual and uses one of among several qualitative entropy collection techniques and analysis processes. This approach push branch out into several other approaches, having different views (Alvesson and Skoldberg, 2000 Lindlof, 1995). The one used in this look for is Hermeneutic which according to Martin and Sugarman (2001) is an approach which moves beyond both scientism and social constructionist, accepting the self-interpreting nature of humans inwardly their social-cultural context, but not reducing them completely to these origins. Hermeneutics can be considered as an approach which enables the researcher to further explore the meaning of the desired topic so as to get an in-depth understanding of it (Alvesson & Skoldberg, 2000). This approach is prejudi ced and uses more personal qualitative techniques. It focuses more on comprehending the situation involved and analysis of qualitative data (Gummesson, 2000). According to Patton (2002), the qualitative data can be collected by means of interviews structured or semi structured documents and observations. For this research, data was collected by conducting semi structured interviews. This technique was employed owe to the fact that the research so far done in this area has data and results that arouse certainly become outdated. Thus to emanate more latest information from within the concerned industries so that it could be useful for further study and exploration, interviews were done which would yield rather up to date and more fire facts. These interviews have helped the... From this research it is clear that every country has its own communication pattern. For the success of an international backup there is a strong need of focusing on relationship development that is an integr ated front to identify, build up and maintain a network of relationships with employees, inter-organizational partners and customers for mutual benefit which evidentiaryly require a well thought integrated communication strategy. Thus success of Mc Donalds working in over 115 countries simultaneously can be taken as an example of it modification of merchandising and communication techniques to efficaciously communicate with its various stakeholders. Owing to the importance of relationship building among various stakeholders with change cultural background, comprehending the role of communication is essential for any company with international business. The intercultural barriers can be effectively removed by imporved and adapted and selling process accordingly because if not it leads to the widening of gap in the midst of the two culturally different parties thus affecting the rapport of the company, personal bonding and log bourn compatibility which in turn can badly impact t he marketing efforts of the company thus it becomes essentially significant for any company to first analyze the communication pattern of the country it wants to work in and accordingly build the relationship by appropriate communication channel and thus communication. According to the second respondent, they have well established guidelines for conducting marketing in varied countries, however, owing to the fact that culture varies these guidelines are modify accordingly.

PAYMENT AND TRADE FINANCE - A Case Study- corporate finance involving Essay

PAYMENT AND TRADE FINANCE - A subject argona Study- corporate finance involving law - Essay ExampleSaida tenders to Big Bank plc a pre-printed transportped on-board bill of lade with an issuance date stamp of 31 March. There is also a notation referring to 10,002 tonnes Class A cement fully loaded on 1 April with 5% on deck. Saida has also tendered a word-processed elevation note referring to 10,000 tonnes Grade A cement marked as original but not signed, and an business relationship for approximately 10,000 tonnes high grade cement. It is generally known in the industry that Class A means cement with a purity percentage of at least 98%. A surveyors certificate is also tendered which states that the cement is slightly discoloured. Big Bank has reservations about the documents and carrys Saida under reserve and without blemish. Armita, Small Banks manager, refuses to reimburse Big Bank on the basis of non-compliance. She also suspects that the date entered by the shipmaster o n the bill of lading is false. Armita also demands to see a certificate of origin because it is her banking concerns policy not to deal with goods emanating from certain countries. Saida has also contracted to sell a lading of sulphur to Turhan. The contract requires Saida to secure for Turhans benefit, a performance guarantee to the amount of ?30,000 issued by Nidhi Bank, a bank in London, England, guaranteeing Saidas performance. That guarantee is expressed in the following terms We undertake to pay you on your assertion of Saidas default or breach of Contract No 34/06 in writing being received at this office and bearing our reference Guarantee No 666/05A ... Saida refuses to ship when she discovers Turhan has failed to open a letter of recognize in her favour. Turhans bank has declined to issue the letter of credit because of liquidity problems. Turhan makes a demand under the guarantee on Nidhi Bank by making a statement asserting Saidas failure to ship but the demand refers to Guarantee No 666/05. discuss the rights and liabilities of the parties under English law. Ans Trade credit is often apply as a system of payment for both the domestic as well as the internationalist trade business. However, it is mostly used in international trade considering the overall risks involved in the international trade transactions as well as the role of banks in facilitating the payments between the parties. As such the credit used for the procure and financing of the inventories and current assets is called short term credit whereas the credit used for the financing of the capital white plague is considered as the long term finance and both types of finances can be availed through with(predicate) international trade transactions.1 It is important to understand however, that the payments in the international trade finance are often governed through different laws. Most importantly laws and regulations set by the International Chamber of Commerce or ICC are consi dered as binding on the parties involved in the international trade transactions. The major set of rules governance the international trade transactions include UCP 600 which actually provide a detailed overview of the rights and obligations of each company to the transaction in the international trade besides governing the swift completion of such transactions. 2 Under UCP 600, not only the rights and obligations of the parties are outlined but the overall role and responsibilities of the banks and

Leadership and Management in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

leading and Management in Nursing - Essay ExampleOur nursing values are based on passion, respect, integrity, and on delivering the best healthcare function. Based on the above mission, vision, and values of our constitution and of the nursing department, this subject shall now analyse such elements and discuss the extent to which these values are reflected in the nursing focal point and leadership of the hospital.The vision of the organization is to add years of healthy life to the people of Singapore. This vision is normal to other health care organizations. This vision statement was able to capture the overall purpose of the organization. plenty statements of healthcare organizations present hopes for the future (Williamson, 1997). They are goals for the long-term and are based on general goals which the organization seeks to gradually obtain through the implementation of more specific objectives. This vision presents what the organization seeks to become as it now seeks to fulfil its mission. In the case of the hospital, it presents its larger goal and realization through its vision of quest a longer life for the people of Singapore. It is also an inspirational and challenging statement. It presents a lofty and manifestly unobtainable goal, and it cannot stand alone without a more specific set of goals. The mission statements for the organization are closely linked to the organizations vision.The mission statement for the organization is more specific in attaining and attain the organizations end goal. It specifies its nature as an organization that of building tradition reaching out to the community doing best to serve, care and heal and of aiming for excellence in cost effective healthcare education and research. Mission statements for the organization are laid out in order to specify the products and services offered by the organization (Swayne, Ginter, & Duncan, 2006). Some hospitals and

IR take home exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IR take home exam - Essay ExampleIn analysing the case, J. Mason stated that contract terms are agreed before the contract is enforced. However, a pass on can change in light of circumstances during the discharge of the contract. In such situations, the court is loosely hesitant and cautious about interpreting implied terms because around facts that were not foreseen could be relevant in determining the conduct of parties in the contract.This point of law means that the realities on the ground whitethorn get at contracts less significant. Mason concedes that contracts with higher degrees of certainty in their terms cover more eventualities. However, since the future cannot be predicted, contracts can be modified significantly as a result of circumstances. In such cases, some important guidelines should be followed to find practical solutions to the issue.Employment contracts are contracts between employers and employees. By their nature, they are similarly open to uncertainty of interpretation in the future. Employment contracts set out express terms and implied terms. evince terms in employment contracts are the terms that are written or stated distinctly by the employer or employee before the contract is signed. They can be found in formal benefit contracts, letters of appointments or oral negotiations at the time of recruitment. In addition, they may be included in management policy manuals and other written documents setting out how employees are expected to conduct themselves in the workplace.Express terms of employment contracts are often made on the basis of make facts and conditions. In other words, they are made with the best knowledge of both parties at the time of contracting. Hence, both present and foreseeable conditions should be taken into account to ensure the inclusion of all relevant terms conditions and ideas that may influence the employment in the future.However, in reality, situations may arise that were not factored into the initi al contract and that may necessitate

Wiretapping and why obama is for it Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wiretapping and why obama is for it - Assignment ExampleThis authority was extended for five years from 2013. Other dialogue platforms that would be affected by this justice include Facebook and Google. The law stipulates that the government should be allowed to review messages direct via the platforms from time to time, at will.Obama is for wiretapping because his government aims at expanding communications assistance for the Law Enforcement Act. This law requires carriers of networks and phones to include interception capacities into their systems. Obama is for wiretapping because he believes the FBI will be given the ability to carry out online eavesdropping that is approved by the court. This way, the FBI has the ability to monitor lizard the communication of suspects, even as new communication technologies continue to evolve. Obama is for wiretapping because he believes that it can assist law enforcement authorities to identify and deal with unlawful or terrorist activities (Rasch 1).The effects of wiretapping are that it can be use as a means to combat terrorism. The governments support of legal wiretapping is based on the premises that security will be improved. However, wiretapping has been faced by many ethical issues, with many claiming that their rights to secretiveness and other liberties will be infringed on if wiretapping is allowed (Rahavy 88).Rahavy, S. K. The Federal Wiretap Act The Permissible Scope of. ledger of High Technology Law, 2.1 (2003) 87-100. Web.

Punitive Damages To Products Liability Essay Example for Free

correctional Damages To Products Liability EssayEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Product financial obligation is a growing evoke in almost alone parts of the world. The doors of justice are opened to innocent and helpless consumers who buns ask manufacturers of fruits to flush them for termss incurred after using their ingatherings. The load of liability is placed upon manufacturers and producers who could not part whatsoever defense to exculpate themselves from grim liability impartiality. There are two principles that form the foundations on product liability, namely, fixed liability, and negligence. Thus, manufacturers are bound to make a wise estimate of how much damage it whitethorn be li adequate in the next should each case be filed against it on product liability. In forcefulness, any manufacturer should ensure that the good of the product go forthweighs the harm that it may cause to any consumer if such product is put in the grocery store. This is the social res ponsibility of manufacturers and a safeguard to consumers. Never spirit if the cost is passed on to the consumers as may be in somaticd in the cost of the product for as colossal as there is an assurance that in any future eventuality, the manufacturer would be able to answer to the liability and allowance the cost of damage. Punitive reparation that may be awarded on evanesce of the actual remediation incurred would be up to the courts of justice to admonishmine. The reason behind the grant is to deter mistakable cases in the future. place a cap on penal amends is depriving a plaintiff his twenty-four hour period in court while it also limits the authority that our laws have vested in the courts of justice. Any law to that effect is simply negating an individuals right to be all-embracingy recompensed for any damage that may be incurred delinquent on product liability cases. Thus, as in other cases on torts and delicts, it is best go away to the courts of justice to establish the penitentiary damage that may be imposed against manufacturers whose product caused damage to any of its consumers.Should Punitive Damages In Products Liability Cases Be Capped The history of product liability law dates back to the 1800s when one Englishman, Mr. Winterbottom filed a case against the manufacturer of a mail coach due to poor construction. Mr. Winterbottom, who was the driver of the mail coach of the Postmaster oecumenical, was seriously injured when the mail coach collapsed. The theory mature at that time was to limit the liability to persons with privity of contracts. Mr. Winterbottom was not privy to the contract of purchase between the Postmaster General and the manufacturer of the mail coach. Thereby, the case was dismissed. As the manufacturing industry advanced, quality control of the products being produced by manufacturers has force a subject of interest to many sectors of society. The touch on naturally required the governments to enact laws which would ensure tribute of consumers. However, while many laws could be enacted to ensure full protection of the consuming markets, compliance to these laws would also endure a question. Thus, it has been inevitable that cases on product liability piled up in the courts of justice in all countries of the world. The difference, though, is that where before the little and helpless consumers would have a difficult time to raise their concerns and assay discip assembly line in these times where awareness on product liability has been brought to the fore, manufacturers with big pockets are made to compensate consumers for damages incurred. There is no question that manufacturers should be made credible to pay for damages that any of their products may have caused on the consuming public. The law on strict liability has become the root on findings of the court as it decides on how much liability any manufacturer is to shoulder and pay to the consumer in a particular case. exige nt liability law stresses the liability on the product in contrast to the principle of negligence which places the responsibility on some acts of the manufacturer. In the case of Greenman v Yuba federal agency Products, Inc. the California unconditional philander assigned strict liability to a manufacturer,.. who placed on the market a disgraceive product even though both privity of contract and notice of breach of guaranty were lacking. The court rejected both contract and warranty theories, express or implied, as the basis for liability. Strict liability does not rest on a consensual foundation but, rather, on one created by law. The liability was created judicially because of the economic and social need for the protection of consumers in an increasingly complex and mechanised society, and because of the limitations in the negligence and warranty remedies. The courts avowed purpose was to insure that the costs of injuries resulting from breakive products are borne by the m anufacturer that put such products on the market rather than by the injured persons who are ineffective to protect themselves. (Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc. 1963 59 Cal.2d 57 13 A.L.R.3d 1049. Negligence, on the other hand, places upon the plaintiff to prove that the manufacturer acted or failed to act on something which resulted to the damage caused by the product. While the manufacturer, in such case, would until now be held liable to compensate for damage incurred by the consumer, the amount and degree of liability would be abated based on the boundary of defense that the manufacturer could successfully rent forth to the court in the instant case. Thus, following this line of reasoning, there is a risk that the plaintiff may not be fully recompensed for the damage incurred. In fact, there is a chance that the cause of the plaintiff may be denied.The most objectionable aspects of asbestos judicial proceeding can be briefly summarized dockets in both federal and state courts continue to grow long delays are routine trials are too long the same issues are litigated over and over movement costs exceed the victims obtainy by nearly two to one exhaustion of assets threatens and distorts the process and future claimants may lose altogether. Report of The Judicial Conference Ad Hoc Committee on Asbestos Litigation 2-3 ( plunder. 1991). In recent cases, products liability claims are based not on negligence, but rather on strict liability. In the hands of good and responsible people, this development is for the benefit of the greater number of society the consumers and the market. The burden of proving liability is no longer solely borne by the plaintiff. Proof of liability is much easier to raise and bring to the appreciation of the courts. Thus, more and more plaintiffs have been fully compensated. Punitive damages which are awarded on result of actual damages create a different bearing in the case. Its main purpose is to deter others similarly sit uated to create unconscionable and similar acts in the future. The objective is to impress upon the mind of the defendant and to the whole world that such and similar acts would not be tolerated by society in general. Thus, in most cases, punitive damages are almost always very high. As in tort cases, the laws of the land have placed upon our courts of justice the authority to determine the amount of punitive damages that may be rightfully granted in a particular case. putt a cap to punitive damages would be limiting the authority of our courts of justice to act for and in behalf of the greater number for the greater good. Unconscionable punitive damages that are awarded and which are unacceptable to some parties could be raised to straitlaced legal authorities through proper legal course of action. Putting a cap to punitive damages that may be granted on product liability cases is limiting the right of a plaintiff to seek redress of grievances and damages incurred when and where proper. Both plaintiff and defendant have the opportunities to be comprehend in court and almost always, manufacturers have the best chances to protect their interests with the extent of their capability to litigate and postdate their rights. Putting a cap to punitive damages is not the solution to exculpate manufacturers from liabilities. Preventive measures and full quality control of their goods from manufacture to market delivery should be enhanced and made the order of the day. shift responsibilities from the manufacturer to the consumer is something that is not fair and something that would work to the disadvantage of the consuming public in the long run. Putting a cap on punitive damages to product liability could be taken as putting a limit to how much a consumer could be compensated for incurring damage. This is somehow tremendous and risky as no manufacturer could foresee the extent of damage that their products may cause upon an individual. Putting a cap to punitive damages simply works as insurance to consumers that whatever may happen, they are entitled to a certain extent of compensation depending on how they can prove the liability. once more the burden of proof is shifted to the consumer and away from the manufacturer.The distinction between products liability and negligence was explained in Jiminez v. Sears, Roebuck Co. (1971) 4 Cal.3d 379, 383 52 A.L.R.3d 92 It is pointed out that in a products liability case the plaintiff in order to recover in strict liability in tort must prove that he was injured by a defect in the product and that the product was defective when it left the hands of the retailer or manufacturer whereas to recover in negligence the plaintiff must prove the same two elements plus an additional element, namely, that the defect in the product was due to negligence of the defendant.This is a discreet departure from the strict liability law. In the case of Green v. General Petroleum Corp., where an oil well blew out throu gh no shimmy of the defendant, the court relying on Section 3514 of the Civil Code held that The defendant was nevertheless liable. The case has been generally interpreted as one involving strict liability for damages resulting from an ultrahazardous activity. It is not significant that a property damage, as distinguished from a personal injury, was there involved. The important factor is that certain activities under certain conditions may be so hazardous to the public generally, and of such relative infrequent occurrence, that it may well address for strict liability as the best public policy. Green v. General Petroleum Corp. (1928) 205 Cal. 328 60 A.L.R. 475. Cases on product liability are pretty much similar to tort cases. Tort is a civil ill-treat which results to an injury or harm giving a person a cause of action to seek redress of the wrong mostly through relief of damages incurred. Sanctions for criminal acts may also be imposed but the injured person would almost always seek for monetary recompense for damages incurred such as loss of earning capacity, pain and suffering, and reasonable medical expenses.Therefore, like any other tort cases under the civil law where no cap to punitive damages is imposed or established, it is dirty and unconstitutional to place a cap on punitive damages on product liability cases. It is unconstitutional as it impinges on the right of a person to be compensated for damages incurred as granted to him under the civil law. In an important but split decision, State Farm v. Campbell, the U.S. Supreme Court in April held that the Due Process Clause of the 14th amendment prohibits the imposition of grossly excessive or arbitrary punishments on defendants in tort cases. This was the second High Court ruling in the retiring(a) few years that rightly objected to steep punitive damage awards. There are measures which ensure that the courts do not grant unconscionable amounts of damages actual and punitive. Putting a cap to p unitive damages is not the answer for manufacturers to get an assurance and security that they would not be liable to pay for damages that would bring their business down. Well, first and foremost, manufacturers concern should be on the safety of its products. Secondly, being responsible corporate citizens would spell the difference when any manufacturer is faced with the case on product liability. Actual, sincere, and timely concern to a case brought by any plaintiff would ensure that punitive damages that may be awarded would be commensurate to the strategy and action plan that the manufacturer has undertaken to ensure that the plantiffs concern was turn to responsively and proactive measures are being strategized to prevent any other future occurrence. The burden of proof still rests upon the manufacturer and never on the consumer.ReferencesWhite, Robert Jeffrey. Top 10 in torts evolution in the common law. footrace 32, no. 7 (July 1996) 50-53.McMahonBinchy, Law of Torts, Butte rworths 3rd Ed., par. 11.113-114Jimenez v. Superior Court (T.M. Cobb Co.), 29 Cal. 4th 473 2002)Supreme Court of Ireland Judgment, 3 November 1988.Fischer, David A Green, Michael Powers, Jr. William Sanders, Joseph. Fischer, Green, Powers and Sanders Cases and Materials on Products Liability. 4th, American Casebook series. Copyright 2006.Owen, David G Phillips, Jerry J. Owen and Phillips Products Liability in a Nutshell. 7th Edition (Nutshell Series)Green v. General Petroleum Corp. (1928) 205 Cal. 328 60 A.L.R. 475Owens, Phillips. Products Liability. 7th ed., 2005. 13-ISBN9780314155108 stage Paperback-New SKUSumner, L. Quality Assurance and Product Liability. Product Liability in Engineering, IEE Colloquium on Volume, Issue 6 Mar 1989. Pages 2/1 to 2/7.Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc. (1963) 59 Cal.2d 57 13 A.L.R.3d 1049.Green v. General Petroleum Corp. (1928) 205 Cal. 328 60 A.L.R. 475.Jiminez v. Sears, Roebuck Co. (1971) 4 Cal.3d 379, 383 52 A.L.R.3d 92

Disabled Identity Essay Example for Free

Disabled Identity EssayThe purpose of this musical theme is to illustrate how, from a historic perspective, media representation has impacted on the lives of concourse with disabilities, with a focus on facial nerve disfigurement. A affinity mingled with the marges impairment and change will clearly identify a take issueence surrounded by the concepts in bounds of the health check and social forges of disability. The paper will continue by analysing how negative media imaging has served to shine the lives of people with facial disfigurement and ultimately been responsible for creating a disabled identity. Furthermore, the paper will highlight the shift from the medical forge to a social model of disability, while victorious into account the views and perceptions of groups of people with disabilities. It is important to consider the difference between the terms impairment and disabled. mason (2000) describes impairment as a characteristic, feature or attribute with in an individual which is long term and may affect an individuals appearance or affect the functioning of that individuals mind or body, because of, or regardless of nightspot.Mason further suggests that disabled people atomic number 18 those with impairments who are disabled by barriers in society. This includes people with physical impairments, people with visual impairments, people with learning difficulties and those who go through with(predicate) experienced mental illness. The two terms impairment and disabled signal a difference between the concepts, in terms of the medical and social models of disability. fit in to Clough and Corbett (2000) the medical model points to practices which call on pathology.The model focuses on sickness, rather than health and reactive measures instead of preventative measures. Hence, under the medical model, disabled people are defined by their impairment, illness or medical form. Open University (2006) suggest that the medical model promo tes the view of a disabled soulfulness as dependent, needing to be cured or cared for. It justifies the way in which disabled people are excluded from society. Brainhe (2010) suggests that the social model is a concept which recognises that some individuals declare impairments which tummy affect their ability to function in society.However, it is society that causes the individual to become disabled. tally to Shakespear (1996) Identity is viewed by the medical model negatively as the focus in relation to disability is primarily found on adjusting, mourning and coming to terms with loss. Furthermore, identity is near belonging, what you claim in habitual with others and how you differ from others. Conversely, the social model focuses on oppressiveness within society and calls for change, empowering and promoting a incompatible self-understanding.According to ever-changing Faces (2008) The word disfigurement is used to describe the aesthetic effects of a mark, rash, scar or genuflect graft on a persons skin or an asymmetry or paralysis to their front or body. Furthermore, disfigurement can affect anyone in childhood or adulthood, from any social group, whether it is the result of an accident, trauma, violent attack, caused by a disease such as cancer or the slipstream of a surgical procedure. Moreover, 112,000 young people in the United Kingdom have a of import facial disfigurement.Safran (1998) suggests that as a culture of mass media consumers, messages from newspapers and television impact on public attitudes towards individuals with disabilities and ease shape social attitudes, through the provision of information about the nature of exceptionalities. Furthermore, encouraging social attitudes and betrothal are critical to inclusion for successful community and educational integration. Research by Bogdan (1988) indicated that during the nineteenth and 20th nose candy, media representation reflected the medical model of disability.Furthermo re, people with disabilities have been used for entertainment and profit as sympathetic oddities and freaks for hundreds of years. Bogdan (1988) refers to two different styles of representation. The exotic mode presented the actor in a way that would appeal to the watchmans interest in the culturally strange, the primitive, the exotic. Whereas in the Aggrandized mode of presentation, the emphasis was that despite condition, the performer was an upstanding, high status person.At the turn of the nineteenth century, audiences turned away from Freak shows, for reasons of exploitation. This resulted in closing off for the performer from society and the economy. Consequently, most performers spent the rest of their lives in institutions. Bogdan (1988, pg. 65) concluded Freak shows disappeared because the performers had become curiosities of pathology and the scientific world. stigmatizing performers with a link to deviance. This stigma was such that visibility produced veneration and repulsion and led to segregation and invisibility.According to Safran (1998) early film act used disabilities to heighten the effect of slapstick comedies and melodramas, and frequently presented stereotypes of individual as victim or villain. Since 1904, wheelchairs presented a wide range of considers including humor, barbarous, helplessness and confinement. After 1929, screenplays depicted physical disabilities. The abomination film Frankenstein adapted various disabling characteristics, including motor difficulties facial disfigurement to provoke fear (Longmore,1985).The picture of physical disabilities during the late 1940s was handled with greater sensitivity, spear indicateed by images of returning veterans overcoming obstacles. Films such as The Best age of Our Lives in 1946 and The Men (1950) focused appropriately on the shock of becoming disabled and accurately pictured the rehabilitation service. During the civil rights era in the 1960s, people with physical impairm ents appeared in the mainstream, facing obstacles to live independently and by the late 1980s, more genuinelyistic portrayals evolved e. g.Born on the Fourth of July (1989) highlighting the trauma of grapple with paralysis. In more recent years, representation of disability has been portrayed using positive images in films including My left over(p) Foot and Gaby A True Story (1987). However, negative themes of villainous disability continued e. g. The Fugitive (1993) which include Captain Hook imagery. According to Byrd (1989) between 1986 and 1988, sixty seven people with disabilities were portrayed in 53 of 302 films (17. 5%). More than half were victimised and less than one in five were heroes.Zola (1985) described the media as metaphorical, representing disabled people as a menace to society and victims. Bogdan et al in Safran (1998) examined the symbolism of disabilities in horror films and emphasized that portrayal of scarred, deformed and physically handicapped monsters in film, lead to a fear of people with disabilities. Furthermore, this could manifest as prejudice and unintentional social isolation. Films such as The Hunchback of Notre biddy (1923), Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931) and Peter Pan (1953) exploit disabilities to create fear in the witnesss as a end of negative imagery.Longmore (1985) examined a variety of negative themes and images across a range of films and concluded that villainous and evil characteristics are reflected in tether different stereotypes disabilities as punishment for evil, persons with disabilities as embittered by their fate, and persons with disabilities resenting able-bodied individuals whom they tender to destroy. According to Whittington-Walsh (2002) in 1932, Tod Browning made a film called Freaks which demonstrated a visual display of normalcy of the characters, showcased by actors who were physically or mentally disabled.The film attempted to project the real oppression they experienced from socially crea ted attitudes and stigmas. However, it was a box office disaster and banned in England for 40 years. Critics argued that it perpetuated the stereotyped image of people with disabilities as psychotic killers, seeking revenge for their disempowerment. Whittington-Walsh (2002) suggested that what truly offends and shocks audiences is non moreover the visibility of the actors with disabilities, but the fact that the actors had no shame in showcasing their diversity.Furthermore, it is within the criticism of Freaks where institutional rejection of human diversity is found, not in the images Brown showcased. Whittington-Walsh (2002) refers to the term idiot savant which has been linked with disability and success. This image is used by the film industry as the norm for disability representation. Charlton (1998) in Whittington-Walsh (2002) argues that if a person with a disability is successful, they are seen to be brave or special. Films including Forest Gump, My Left Foot and rain re gress Man portray characters with disabilities as savants.It is argued by Charlton (1998) in Whittington-Walsh that a constant portrayal of characters as savants serves to diminish the abilities and lives of people with disabilities. Furthermore, the films discussed withal include themes of isolation and pathology, which relates to the idea of a cure, as evident through a medical model way of thinking, which ultimately links disability with illness. Wardle et al (no date) presented findings which showed that broadcasters often fall into stereotypical portrayals of disfigurement, for example as reclusive, devious or villainous characters.Factual coverage can also often be overly medicalised with documentaries presenting them as quirks of nature, abnormal or in need of cognitive operation. Furthermore, people with facial disfigurement are rarely go pastn a voice and are often positioned as the end of a voyeuristic gaze. Schroeder (1998) notes, to gaze implies more than to look at it signifies a psychological relationship of power, in which the gazer is superior to the object of the gaze (Schroeder, 1998).Wardle et al(no date) suggests that issues such as stigma are generally neglected for the pursuit of programmes which focus on unusual or extraordinary disfigurements, in order to attract high masking figures. Goffman (1968) describes stigma as a physical or social attribute or mark that devalues a persons social identity which consequently disqualifies them from complete social acceptance. Furthermore, stigmatized groups include ethnic minorities, the physically handicapped and the facially disfigure.Moreover, although there are establishment to face differences between the groups, there is a common thread relating to obstacles, prejudice and discrimination. It is evident through look into conducted by Wardle et al (no date) that recent understandings of disability have shifted to the social model mostly due to disability rights movement. This moveme nt was the start of developmental changes within society and to further support disabled people to gain equal social status and to eliminate oppression and discrimination.In addition, The Disability Discrimination Act emerged. Disability activists ac humpledge difference but identify the chore as societies who are unable to adapt in order to accommodate difference, rather than the individual who has the disability. The research concluded that both audiences with and without disfigurement wanted more every day, informed and balanced coverage. In interview, Margaret, 58, revealed that she had been disfigure for 54 years, but had never seen or read anything which portrays a positive image of a disfigured woman. Wardle, et al,no date) Norden et al (2007) suggests that in television and film there is evidence that representation is gradually undergoing a process of change which reflects social change.However, according to Wardle et al (no date) while the traditional side show context l argely died out in the nineteenth century, the impulse to look/curiosity and fascination and the spectacle of disabled bodies are unruffled evident in modern media coverage. Cumberbatch and Negrine (1992). carried out a study which highlighted that factual programming did represent disabled people and 16% of all factual programmes included disabled people.Lucas (2003) who was diagnosed with a rare genetic condition called Cherubism discusses her appearance on a television programme called What Are You Staring At? This is a BBC objective on the subject of facial disfigurement. She reflects on her personal decision not to have plastic surgery and why she felt it important that society should consider prejudice towards people with disfigurement, rather than just concentrating on trying to fix or cure disfigured faces. To put it simply, my attitude was Yeah, lets look at the medical options and if people want surgery, thats fine.But lets also look at building up their self- applaud. W ouldnt it be nice if we also worked at making a more tolerant society too? Lucas (2003) Lucas (2003) suggested that it is not her face that is the problem, but peoples prejudices. Furthermore she feels that we live in a society that says physical difference is ruffianly and beauty is good. But this has resulted in disfigured and disabled people being treated like molybdenum class citizens because their bodies are different and they are seen as less than human.Moreover, societal ideals that cause us to top dog self image are nothing more than learned traditions and customs passed down through generations. According to Erin (2005) in KASA( 2012) who suffers from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome typical stereotypes that characters in the media fulfill and have been fulfilling for decades on end, disabled whiteness (Tiny Tim), disabled inspiration (Helen Keller), and disabled evil (Captain Hook). Furthermore, unfortunately still today, few movies seem to contain the particle of disability at the end.The movie usually concludes with the character with being cured or dying, leading the viewer to the assumption that life with a disability can in no way be honour or fulfilling. Moreover, most media representation in unrealistic in relation to portrayal of life with a disability. Falsehoods regarding disabilities are spoon fed to society today, only to be regurgitated as ridiculous pressures on individuals with disabilities to line up to a misleading societal standard of beauty So just how has over a century of media lies and scattered truths affected us as disabled individuals?Is our self perception warped and self esteem damaged as a result of false images and stereotypes? (Erin, 2005 in KASA, 2012) McEachran (2012) who has a facial disfigurement (non cancerous growth on one side of his face) reflects on a recent episode of Top Gear, where TV presenter Jeremy Clarkson compared the size of a Japanese car to people with growths on their faces mimicking Joseph Merrick (the Elephant Man) in the process You k outright sometimes you meet someone and they have a growth on their face and it is bigger than their face one of those really ugly things.McEachran (2012) strongly believes that the crass remarks from Clarkson has reignited the stereotypes and phenotypes that have been socially and culturally constructed around the fallacy that there is a difference between a figured face (whatever that means) and a disfigured face. Furthermore, TV and film are partly responsible for making disfigurements be seen as something unapproachable and not aesthetic to look at. Pearson (2012) was born with Neurofibromatosis. A rare condition that caused benign growths to grow on his head and face). He recently took part in the channel 4 programme Beauty and the Beast offensive Face of Prejudice, in order to convince people to see beyond the exterior and legal expert others by their characters rather than their appearance. This paper has highlighted that representat ions of disfigurement in the media have changed dramatically over the past three centuries and consequently, has been responsible for some change in relation to societal attitudes.Television has been responsible for making the invisible, visible, as evidenced through more recent programmes, where people with facial disfigurements have been given the opportunity to give an insight into their lives and ultimately portray a more positive identity, while attempting to break down negative, stereotypical perceptions. Reflection In my early childhood, I remember becoming friends with a girl, Emma, whose face and body was predominately cover with red/purple marking. She walked with a visible limb and had a curled and deformed hand.I innocently asked why she had these differences and she told me that they were just birth marks and that I couldnt catch them by being her friend. Our association continued for many years and after that point, I never thought about her as different and accepted her for who she was, my lovely friend. I now realise that this perception was through a childs eyes because as a young woman my attitude changed. I began to experience a of late sense of pity for people with disabilities, particularly in relation to facial disfigurement and this was prevalent front to completing the module.I feel that this pity may be a result of my own insecurities, and neediness of confidence, as well as the realization that I dont believe I would have the coping strategies to deal with a facial disfigurement. Furthermore, I have been drawn in by media portrayal of what beauty looks like. Throughout the module, my perceptions have completely changed after listening to the experiences of people with facial disfigurement. I now consider that beauty comes from within and having a facial disfigurement should not have negative implications.I agree with Lucas (2003) that learned traditions and customs are passed down through generations. Consequently, educating childr en from a young age about impairments could have a profound impact on the way people with impairments are perceived in the future. I believe that with knowledge and understanding comes power, resulting in a more positive approach to disability, manageable through education and as a result passed on to other generations, ultimately challenging the term disabled identity.

Healthcare Consent legislation Essay Example for Free

Healthc be admit legislation EssayHealthc be Consent legislation applies to everyone above the era of 18 (some places 16) and has the following rights (Ref 1)1)The right to give or refuse swallow2)The right to choose a particular form of healthcare on all intellect including moral or religious grounds3)The right to tip over consent4)The right to expect that a finis to give, refuse or revoke consent will be respected5) The right to be involved to the greatest degree contingent in all case planning and decision making Mostly all nursing actions are an invasion of a persons privacy and large(p) consent is carried unwrap by passing play into the hospital or cosmos treated at home. So one can say that consent is based on the principle of respect for a fellow human being. (Ref 1,2) This legislation tells me that all patients and clients return a right to receive information roughly their condition.As a restrain I should be sensitive to their needs and respect the wishes of those who refuse or are unable to receive such information. (Ref 1,2) For instance, in that location may be a language barrier and I should not just go nearly reading the consent form in English, rather I should arrange for a interpreter or find a nurse who speaks the clients language. I also respect their decision of autonomy-their decision to accept or decline any health intervention even if a refusal means loss of life, example ecclesiastic s witness refusing blood transfusion. The client will now have alternate options given by the Health Care Providers. Informed consent is obtained by a legally competent person, who voluntarily accepts or declines the consent after being informed of the treatment including side effects, adverse effects.(Ref 1,2) Many people are frightened by unfamiliar medical procedures and interventions and may thus want to back off from any treatment.This decision should be respected, and the client should not be forced into taking any of these medica tion or treatment. Rather the nurse can educate them to the outmatch of her education and training if the client wants to know about it. Historically dating back to 1914, it was Justice Cardoza who changed the concept of research ethics involving human beings. The foundation of current day informed consent is based on his statement Every human being of cock-a-hoop years and sound mind has a right to determine what should be done with his (or her) own body.(3) there were many historical events that lead to present day consent acts. Some of them were as follows (ref 3) 1) Tuskegee Study of untreated Syphilis in BlackMen (1932-1973) 2) The Nuremberg Code as a result of the Nazi health check Experiment during World War II (1947) 3) The Thalidomide experiment that resulted in birth defects (1950) 4) The declaration of Helsinki (1964)I feel these events all had a big role in shaping modern day HCCA and Consent legislature.Previously, a simple consent question would be did the patient agree to surgery? (Ref 2), which now has evolved into Did the atomic number 101 provide the patient with adequate amount of information for the patient to consent? This newer version of the legislation allows the nurse to participate in proper advocacy so as to promote patient autonomy in self-determination. Initially informed consent meant saying YES to any treatment or intervention laid out by the physician and advocated by a nurse (Ref 1). Now informed consent means being able to say NO and this in itself is a part of exercising ones autonomy.(Ref2)Nurses should practice with the knowledge that clients moldiness consent to be touched ,to have treatments administered , to undergo surgery, for bathing, positioning, taking vital signs, physical assessment ,changing dressings, venipuncture,wound irrigation, catheter intro just to name a few. If a patient or client is not capable of giving consent then besides the HCCA (1996) Ontario does have the Substitute Decision Act(1992) SDA .This act allows a substitute decision maker a spouse, a relative, a parent and in the absence of these someone can be appointed by legal authority if the patient has not indicated otherwise. In emergencies where the priority is preservation of life, a nurse or HCP can provide care to the patient or client without their consent if they are incapacitated, provided it is demonstrated that this action was carried out in the best interest of the patient or client.(Ref 1) In conclusion, I can say that nurses are patient advocates and an essential member of the healthcare team contri exactlying meaningfully to the informed consent process. There are many barriers to the HCCA especially in terms of informed consent, but the well informed and knowledgeable nurse is competent enough to have a thorough misgiving of her clients needs. She being the clients best advocate will implement the informed consent procedure so as to maintain the clients autonomousity so that he or she can maintain the ir self-determination. This legislation has allowed nurses to be accountable for the best interest of the client andcarry out their role as a client advocate.

The Journey of Man Essay Example for Free

The trip of military personnel EssayIt has long been debated both in religion and in science close to the origin of slice. unrivaledness cites that man was created out from the flesh of some higher Being while the other has many theories regarding such(prenominal) issues. But whatever the most possible theory might be, there is no denying that every set time, scientists flip established a profound link between the genetic composition of man and how he has evolved over time. In his latest book, Spencer Wells tries to stick to our evolution up to our very first ancestor. This book seek to answer some long-standing anthropological questions regarding the origin of humans and we were adequate to(p) to migrate. To answer and trace this, he relied heavily on science, specifically the modern techniques and organisements in DNA research for support. He basically reiterated that the Y chromosome (that of the male) is the uninfluenced marker of the human heritage (Wells, 2004 ).From that basis, he worked backward through time and concluded that the earliest man squeeze out be found in Africa who lived between 31,000 to 79,000 years ago which he past called the Eurasian Adam. As time goes by, a subsequent population would grow and become isolated from its fellows who then(prenominal) gain stark naked genetic markers that subsequently created a rising (genetic) map in time and space. He also said that the first modern humans left Africa only 2,000 generations ago (Wells, 2004) who speedily get over out to Asia, Europe and America.Utilizing the aforementioned(prenominal) indicators, he was quick to debunk the nonion that the Neanderthals are our ancestors. Moreover, in this book, he was equal to(p) to find unusual links between faraway peoples (which were not specifically named in the book) and was adequate to(p) to give evidences that all Native Americans can be marked out from a group of at least a dozen people. Throughout the book, he was able to elaborate his terminologies and methods which made the human direct seem easy. The book thus has compelling arguments with regard to the origin of man. Wells explicitly argued (and as can be seen from the title itself) that the origin of the human race is that of man exclusively he did not trace any blood samples of that of a woman. In lieu with this, a question may arise as to where was the origin of women per se come from. In regard to this argument, Wells did not give any inviolable evidences. Although his primary goal was to find the original male, the real revolution that he was able to illustrate is racial in nature. Racial in a sense that he was able to find links (no egress how odd it may seem) regarding the origins of certain populations today. But, as he elaborates further in the book, he stresses that what makes us tell apart form each other are purely cultural and not solely based on our biology. Moreover, the author utilized a new kind of archeology in his resea rch. And this archeology does not excavate into remnants or fossils but into human cells and genes. Accompanied by his ultra techniques, the author was able to give revolutionary details and insights as to where we came from and how we were able to migrate, our origin and more importantly, our races. With the numerous advancements that science and technology were able to develop, it is preferably commendable in the authors part to attack his research in a overbold and more scientific approach.He is praiseworthy because he was able to apply his expertise and at the same time, use new methods that proved to be very successful and reliable. Instead of going through the naturalized way of finding the origin of man, he was quick to turn to genetics to answer his queries. And thus, he was able to come up with new theories and some new arguments. It also helps that his arguments is backed up by his information by his own researches. Through this, he was able to refute ideas of some a nthropologists who claimed that varying human races were raceway that had its origin from different regions at different times. This further hardened by diagrams and maps that the author provided. Maybe one of the more underrated topics included in the book was how our languages was spread. The author also gives us an idea how language was able to spread and evolve. Much like migration and mutation, language evolved from the addition of new genes throughout time. Analogous to the trail of how the Y chromosome has lead its way out of Africa, Wells says that language encountered that same route but as we develop a new culture, our respective languages are dying at a very fast rate.This office that the original language that we new are added with new meanings and it is slowly using its original sense but this kind of evolution is not something to fret about for it only signifies that change (good change for that matter) is constant. As new gene eviscerate-ups are added to every race and culture, so as the evolution of language is inevitable. Therefore, culture then is still a major factor to the growth of the race. There are many new and agreeable take that one can find in this book. The author clearly gives us a new perspective and arguments regarding our origin. But, unlike many other theories where more questions arise, this book tries to answer its own (and other queries as well) questions. The author had the Y chromosome as his basis for tracking down our ancestors and he employed the latest in genetic mapping which proved to be very successful and reliable. It is also of good importance to mark that not only does the author focused on the Y chromosome per se but also on how it migrated and its direction which implies the migration pattern of the first humans and their journey to the outside world.Moreover, the author also added how language came about its development and evolution throughout time. Lastly, as from the book itself, races were formed from the influx/addition of new line of genes and the environment as they travel through different lands. As humans move from one place to another, they met other people that mostly added to their culture. And perhaps the most startling statement from the author is his argument that races does not exclusively came form genes but importantly, environment and culture were additional factors that contributed to the growth and development of races that we know today.ReferencesWells, S. (2004). The Journey of Man A Genetic Odyssey Random House Trade Paperbacks.

Economic cooperation Essay Example for Free

Economic cooperation EssayTalks on economic cooperation surrounded by China and the US ended with a broad agreement on separate strategies to help their economies recover. The US agreed on inducing fiscal discipline from the personal until the federal level and China, to bolster national spending. The talks also resolved to cooperate in combating climate change by shifting to low-carbon economies as they progress and reinforce their current economic standing.The talks will make the political process reduce on the economic strain and fiscal constraints as a new strategy to revive the prudence for the US, and increasing government spending and relying less on foreign demand for China. Of course, these strategies could go under burn off from some political opposition and criticism, but the backing of a foreign agreement could bolster fill-in for both agreed positions for economic recovery both from the government and the grassroots. Policies and ordinances could be prompted t o be enacted to follow through with(predicate) with the agreement with China and vice versa.Campaigns on the tightening of belts from the organizational to the individual level throne be expected from the government. NGOs and other organizations can strongly advocate for these policies or criticize them either way. This agreement can make the government and the citizens work passel in hand to create a political environment where cooperation is paramount to dig the countries out of their financial pothole. The general direction of the talks, however is geared more toward the affirmation that a change in spending habits by the government, by the individual and by the organization should be limited and focus more on saving.Many would go toward this direction as the difficulties of the economic meltdown touch many people, forcing them to go for bargains if they cant afford not to spend. China, on the other hand can be seen to use the same approach the US used during the financial difficulties in the 1950s. http//edition. cnn. com/2009/ politics/07/28/china. stimulus/index. html? iref=newssearch U. S. , China agree on economic strategies July 29, 2009 Updated 1017 GMT (1817 HKT)

Slaughter and the Speckled Band Essay Example for Free

Slaughter and the Speckled Band EssayThe cardinal works that I am comparing for this essay be Lamb to the slaughter by Roald pigeon pea and the Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The Speckled band is a stereotypical Sherlock Holmes writ of execution belt upd book scripted in 1892 and Lamb to the Slaughter was written some 60 years later by Rhoald Dahl in 1954. We can therefore safely expect their to be many differences in plot of ground and language and some themes, merely both share the common themes of take away.Both texts are capital punishment mysteries but there is a single important difference. In TSB we are encouraged to find the solution to the murder by assembling our evidence from the text and drawing conclusions as we see fit. There is, though, a inflammation herring clue included to throw the lector, the most obvious example being the presence and the close association of the Gypsies with Dr Roylott. In LTTS we know who has committed the murder and the details, but the fun is in seeing if she will get caught. Both pieces of text allow unusual murder weapons but this is a norm with murder mysteries which continues to this day the Jonathon Creek series being a popular notable example.The characters in both texts are well worth a mention. In TSB the characters are predictable. The strong, brutal male, Dr Roylott is the murderer and the emphasis is less on who and more than on how. I dont think that Sir Arthur Doyle would be allowed to get away with this in either the pose day climate or the climate of 1954. Just as Dr Roylott is an obvious murder suspect Helen stoner is the obvious damsel in distress. The dragged out description of her and her features describe a woman with a shape of thirty but starting to sprout premature grey hair.In TSB the characters are subject to a much longer introduction and time of description. Rhoald Dahl does not do this and hardly describes Mary Maloneys natural appearance at all leaving each individual reader to draw his or her image. The reader though cannot disagree on the discernmentset of Mary Maloney she is obsessed with her husband and routines. Even though TSB is written in the first person I think we can still tell more round Mary Maloneys character. Sir Arthur Doyle has not delved too deeply into Dr Watsons thoughts and this is deliberate. The only think that Sir Arthur Doyle concentrates on in Dr Watsons subconscious mind is his admiration of Sherlock Holmes, after all they are the Sherlock Holmes series of books and Dr Watson is only a sly literary narrative tool.In LTTS the characters are less predictable. We know that Sir Arthur Doyle did once try to make his characters actions unforeseeable to the extreme by killing off Sherlock Holmes but the pressure of public opinion constrained him to resurrect his most famous character. The murderer this time is not the brutal male but the supposedly timid housewife. Notice also that the sex of the murderer has ch anged. It would be fair to say that this would mirror a change in the opinion of the role of women, there gaining of the vote and there rise to equals of the male sex.The smell outings and sympathies we have with the murderers is also worthy of attention. We feel pitiful for Mary Maloney up to a point in LTTS because she is sixer months pregnant and we sympathise with her shock and we recognise that her murder was more of a spur of a indorsement murder rather than a carefully constructed and well executed murder plot as is the face with DR Roylott. The point where I no longer feel sympathetic was when she laughed at the very end of the text. This displayed a deeper evil that had gone unnoticed before in the text.The feelings we feel for the victims are very different. In TSB we feel sorry for the victim in the text, Helen Stoners sister, who is in the prime of her life and is about to get married. This increases our hatred of Dr Roylott. The victim in LTTS is a man who is leav ing his wife who is six months pregnant. His conduct up to the point of his shoemakers last is rude and arrogant. He uses monosyllabic answers to firmly control his wife. Also when he leaves his wife he is more worried about the effect it may have on his job. We are not too sorry to see him go.The two pieces do have a number of similarities. They both have unusual murder weapons and they both remind us that even respectable, or in the case of Dr Roylott once respectable members of the residential district can kill, whether that is because of financial or personal reasons. They share common themes such as murder, murder closed book and deceit.

Foreign and Traditional Music Fused Together Essay Example for Free

Foreign and Traditional Music fused Together EssayThe United States is certainly one of the well-nigh diverse countries in the world from a heathen perspective. Capable of speaking 300 languages, the Native the Statesns were the early settlers of the American land. Hundred years later that, the Europeans, Africans, Asians and former(a)wise ethnic race from across the globe arrived and settled in America. These migrations have contributed greatly to the m bes nest of modern day American Society. Carrying non only their belonging and property, various cultures from around the world flux with one another through friendships and inter marriages of races. Through these racial interactions, various cultures took different shape and create ment totallyy into what we known today. To examine and describe them all would take years to accomplish and tedious since culture co exist with time, it evolve as time goes by. This paper would then focus on two plethoric races and their re spective cultures, namely, Hispanic and egg white. Since culture is a vast shape to explore, this paper would then focus on the melodic culture of Hispanic and albumen race. It would focus on how un equal cultures have playd the increase and knowledge of traditional unison.Hispanic and Caucasian culture have influenced separately other throughout history. It is often tell that both cultures were the patchwork of different cultures put together during the colonial times. Hispanic culture staple fibreally speaks or pertains to a larger community that is comprised of different subgroups, such as Mexicans Americans, Cuban Americans and other races that originated from the Latin American continent. Caucasian or American culture is a same a patchwork of different cultures originating from various move of the world.This was brought by immense immigration during 17th up to 21st century and spread, through interactions with various races. This is the basic theme that these tw o cultures share together and its unison, architecture and literature are deeply influenced by outside culture. The land of America became a melting pot for these two cultures, a place for previous identities to be melted down together with other cultures to create an integrated, uniform society. Their culture was not forgotten it was meet shaped through the influence of foreign culture.E Hispanic Culture Since the 17th century, Hispanic bulk have been living in the United States. Some of them were forced to come as slaves and those who could afford the expenses of immigration settled in the United States driven by the opportunity presented by the new found land. though years have passed since the colonial times, around of them still cannot forget the trademarks of their former masters. Aside from their native language, most of them could speak the Spanish language and to some extent has been unified in their native language as well.Another characteristic of Hispanic culture t hat was influenced by the Spanish regime is the mestizo lifestyle (Gallarga, 2007). The term Mestizo describe Latin American whose lifestyle combine ideas, values, practices and other cultural elements both European and indigenous ( countrified and urban) of origin (Latin American Culture, 2008). Aspects of the mestizo lifestyle are widely diffused in the melodious culture of Latin America. Violin, guitar and other stringed instruments are of mestizo origin (Garfias, 1996).Over time, these instruments were combined to those of traditional instruments existence used by the sight to create new ensemble types. Rural band from villages started to include acting the guitar, vilhuela, one or two violins and a harp. This pleasing of ensemble was an example of the changes that were brought by mestizo lifestyle. Additionally, hemiola, a common ingest in Latin America melody originated or a product of mestizo lifestyle (Mintzer, 2005). A hemiola is the simultaneous or sequential juxta position of duple and triple and rhythmic patterns with a moderate or quick 6/8 meter.This kind of rhythmic pattern is present in different medicinal drugal bring intimatelyances of Mexicans, singers in Chile, and other Latin American performers (Mintzer, 2005). Not only in harmony does this mestizo trend is present but also in dances genres such as contra dance, waltz and the polka. frame in based practice of medicine was widely diffused so as Catholics songs and processionals. Dance drama was another feature of the mestizo musical life. Being influence by 16th century missionaries, people in the rural and also in urban areas perform dance drama to honor individuals who are connected to local anaesthetic history, myth, legend and religious stories (Musical Migrations, 2002).Accompanied by local ensembles and dance genres, drama like this gave new kind of entertainment and meaning to rural town festivals throughout Latin American Aside from the Spanish Language, the musical style that was heavily influenced by the mestizo trend attributed greatly to the creation or identity of a Hispanic musical culture. Though different in use and meanings, Mexicans, Cubans, Chileans and other individual of Latin Americans origins, could see each other through these customs. Moreover, this musical trend has become a tool of understanding and jointure for these groups of people in a foreign land.Caucasian or American Culture Just like the musical lifestyle of the Hispanic, the performing arts in the United States began to incorporate wider groups of people (American Root Music, 2008). For instance, the Latin American dances such as tango from Argentina and rumba from Cuba during the 1900 and 1940. The afro-Cuban mambo was the first step in incorporating discern music with Latin elements and was later on refined by the Brazilian bossa nova singers (Jones, 1999). There are also the African American communities who greatly contributed and refined jazz music.There are al so innovative Americans who incorporated both foreign music and traditional American music to create unparalleled music style. Aaron Co projectd, for example, authentic a unique musical style through incorporating certain jazz elements with American folk music (Five twentieth century American composers 1900-2000, 2002). Influenced heavily by traditional Greek dances, Isadora Duncan redefined the rigidity of classical concert dance and promoted self expression, takingsing into an expressive and free form kind of dance (Marcus, 2007).These innovations and fusions probably lead to the creation of the Broadway musical. impertinent the Hispanic musical culture, American music was not the product of colonial times but was the result of immigration of various races in the United States. They brought their culture to this place without the intention of changing or creating music genre or style but to serve as a remembrance of their family and native land. It was for this saki that fore ign musical style and other foreign cultures were introduced to American people. New musical genres and styles were a incorrupt product of racial interactions.If clearly analyzed, this new musical genre or style removed boundaries and limitations oblige by racial differences. For instance, it is a well known fact that the African American community was discriminated and have less recognition from American society since their origin implied the idea of being a slave. However, when it comes to jazz music, contributions from performers like Billie Holiday, Miles Davis, Louis Armstrong and other African American jazz-blues singers were recognized and accepted by white and black audiences alike (Titon, 1995).Whether it was a European, American or other race, their performances were cheered and enjoyed by thousands of people. Through music, people forgot their differences and simply enjoyed the beat and melody produced by the performers in front of them. Performing arts in the United S tates representsed the acceptance not only of these people but also their culture. F Similarities of Hispanic and Caucasian Culture Based on the facts presented thus far, it could be said that both cultures, when it comes to their musical trend and lifestyle were heavily influenced by foreign subjects.Hispanic music reached new heights during the Spanish rule. Elements of European and Spanish music were introduced to the traditional style of Mexican, Cuban and to the quell of Latin American. It gave new meaning to entertainment and performances reached greater heights. On the other hand, the Caucasian musical culture was refined through racial interaction that was the product of immense immigration that occurred during the 17th up to twentieth century. nigh traditional styles of music evolved and took greater form when they were incorporated with foreign elements (Titon, 1995).Another similarity that these two culture share in the music world is that their music were usually direc ted or unruffled for religious practices. In Hispanic culture, festivals were always attended by performances that always involved characters and values interpreted from religious stories. These performances were a direct influence of Spanish missionaries trying to convert local people. On the other hand, early religious sects in Native American such as the Ephrata, Cloister, the Shakers and the Moravians have produced music that someway grow and influence other people outside their communities.One example of this was shaker melody empower Tis the gift to be simple which was used by the composer Aaron Copland in one of his plays and which instantly became famous. The Moravians, who were considered as the most prolific and sophisticated when it comes into their music eventually helped in recreating instrumental music that was used in ancient world German culture. Though it was quickly forgotten when the jazz and other musical trend came in during the early 1900s, it proves that e arly music real and was influenced by religion of early times (Jones, 1999).Difference among Hispanic and Caucasian music One significant difference between Hispanic and Caucasian music lies on the foreign influence that they received. Hispanic music was the result of long Spanish rule that they make during the colonial times. A Hispanic performance was characterized by Spanish style of music and was later on refined through incorporating traditional and foreign music. It was only the Spaniards that introduced the European style of music to these people. On the other hand Caucasian music was the result of immense interactions of various races living in America.Some musical culture was able to make it way into the American society and was adhere by the people. There are other musical cultures that were adopted by American performers and incorporate them into their works that resulted in some unique and different kind of music style. Second difference that these two have lies on th e venue of their performances. Most Hispanic performer took their shows on the street and urban areas. Performances on these places are always characterized by gaudy music and cheery audiences.Public performances were the product of festival shows that was always played during festivities and continued in vast cities. As it develop Caucasian music reach greater heights in theatre or stage plays. Most broadways musical for an instance was perform on large theatre house and places ordinarily located on large cities like New York. Lastly, the difference of these two culture lies on how they perform their music. Hispanic based music is well known through their colorful sound that is always accompanied by different instruments.This kind of performance started in festivals and was later on carried through streets by artisan who seeks fame and fortune. Caucasian on the other hand is mostly highlighted by the use of different genre of music and dance style to create one stage performanc e. Broadway musical for an instance used rock and rate genre to capture the heart of young audiences who have been introduced to this kind of music genre during their early years. social function in Classroom Education Using these similarities and differences, instructors could create a surrounding in which learning could be easy and comfortable both for Hispanic and Caucasian students.First, they could create music lessons that would break down cultural differences that exist not only Hispanics and Caucasians but also to other ethnic race. Second, it is possible that social kindred could foster and grow through incorporating music in their daily life. Lastly, through music, it is possible that children could recognize and get it on the importance of their cultural heritage. Children nowadays tend to forget their history and culture which is unfortunate. Personal and Professional relevancySince culture is a vast topic to be covered, it was best that this paper concentrated on ea ch cultures music history. The first thing that needed to be researched was the influence of foreign music to Hispanic and Caucasian traditional music. The primary tool that was used to gather the necessary data was the Internet. up-to-date articles and journals can be found in the internet and it saved substantial time researching using this instead than going to huge places such as the library. The books that were used for this paper were accessed through an online directory for textbooks.Since the paper was set to debate foreign influence on traditional music of Hispanics and Caucasians, the research began through a search of sources that explained the influence of foreign interventions and immigration, since it will clearly show how the traditional music of each culture was changed and developed when foreign factors exerted their impact. The article Latino music A View of Its Diversity and Strength by Dr. Garfias summarized the important facts about Hispanic music and provide d a detailed explanation about the influence of Spanish rule in Hispanic countries.The book Blues People Negro Music in White America by Titon gave a detailed explanation about the influence of African American music and how Jazz developed in the United States of America. Since this paper was set to discuss the influence of foreign music to Hispanic and Caucasian traditional music, sources that contained useful information were saved for the purpose. To be able to review them carefully, information that may be useful were highlighted and were noted down in a sheet of paper. For organizational ease, the information were outlined fair(a) like how the task was outlined.For teach reference, this report has set a new meaning for being a teacher. The profession of teaching does not exclusively lie on the need to produce a lesson plan that would cater to the procreational needs of the students. Being a teacher also means that one must some how create an atmosphere and environment that would enable the student to enjoy learning and would support the growth of social relationships. This realization was brought by the cultural differences that exist not only between Hispanic and Caucasian students but between other races.Cultural differences somehow impede the growth of education and social relationships of students if not managed systematically. Being able to manage cultural differences is also a way of promoting effective inclusion. Positive interactions among teachers, as well as students, contribute to a sense of school and classroom community. Inclusive schools seek to encourage collaboration among teachers for the purposes of planning, teaching, and supporting students. With adequate support, collaborative teaching leads to positive outcomes for learners in heterogeneously grouped classes (Cipani, 1995).Implementing effective teaching collaborations, however, is time-consuming and complex. Teachers often express concern about changes in their roles and respon sibilities differences in teaching style and philosophic orientation and logistical issues, such as scheduling, planning time, and resource allocation. There are a physique of school-wide strategies to support collaboration, including (a) developing and adopting a set of rules, responsibilities, and privileges pertaining to collaboration, (b) providing teachers with designated time for co-planning and reflection, and (c) offering preservice and inservice training in collaboration.In all of these collaborative efforts, understanding culture is a critical backdrop that the teacher must fully turn over (Cipani, 1995). GReferences American Root Music. Retrieved on may 2, 2008 from Public Broadcasting Services http//www. pbs. org/americanrootsmusic/pbs_arm_itc_historical_background. html. Cipani, E. (1995). Inclusive education What do we know and what do we still have to learn? Exceptional Children, 61, 498 500. Galarraga, J. (2007). Hispanic-American Culture and health.Retrieved Ma y 2, 2008 on http//www. case. edu/med/epidbio/mphp439/Hispanic_Healthcare. pdf Garfias, Dr. R. (1996). Latino music A View of Its Diversity and Strength. Retrieved May 3, 2008 on http//www. pps. k12. or. us/depts-c/mc-me/be-hi-mu. pdf. Five 20th century American composers 1900-2000. Retrieved may 3, 2008 from Boisestates http//music. boisestate. edu/mus100/american_music. htm Jones, L. (1999). Blues People Negro Music in White America Latin American Culture. Retrieved May 2, 2008 from Ipedia http//www.ipedia. net/information/Latin+American+culture. Marcus, K. (2007). Music and American Culture. Retrieved May 2, 2008 on http//www. blackwell-compass. com/media? id=pdfs_HICO_Sample_Article . Mintzer, R. (2005). Latino Americans in Sports, Film, Music, and Government Trailblazers (Hispanic Heritage) Musical Migrations Transnationalism and Cultural Hybridity in Latin America, Volume I. (2002) . Titon, J. T. (1995). advance(prenominal) Downhome Blues A Musical and Cultural Analysis (Cult ural Studies of the United States)