Breast Cancer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Breast Cancer - Research Paper ExampleThe Genesis of a Cancer Cell A habitual cell turns into a behindcer cell because of one or more mutations in its DNA which can be inherited or acquired. Mutation is sudden piercing changes that occur in the genetic material i.e. the DNA of the cell. This genetic material is facilitated by versatile agents called mutagens. Mutagens can be either physical agents such as UV radiations, X-rays etc. or they could be some(prenominal) chemical agents which are capable of producing changes in the cell by reacting with cellular macromolecules. These chemical agents form alignment with the cellular macromolecules, thereby alter their prescript structures. If they combine with the genetic material, the peptide formation is affected. Thus, these mutagenic agents affect the normal well being of the cell and when such a defective cell replicates the cellular modification is withal passed on. These cellular alterations may lead to cancer, where the carc inogenic agents (cancer causing) are capable of altering the cell division leash to the uncontrolled proliferation of the cell (Alberts, 2007 Chemical Carcinogens). ... These epigenetic chemical elements do not produce cancer by themselves but enhances the likelihood of genetic mutation(s) resulting in cancer (Katzang et al., 2009). These genetic changes are categorized as - A. The activation of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes Proto-oncogenes are the normal genes present in the cells and are responsible for controlling cell division, cell differentiation and apoptosis. A triggering factor such as a virus or exposure to any carcinogen brings malignant changes in the cell. B. The inactivation of tumour suppresser gene genes A cell has the mechanism to protect itself from uncontrolled proliferation and tumor formation repayable to expression of genes called tumor suppressor genes. These genes possess the ability to suppress malignant changes and are also referred as antioncogenes. Mutation in proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes results in the proliferation of tumor. Thus, a loss of function of tumor suppressor genes can be the critical event in carcinogenesis (Rang et al., 2007 Katzang et al., 2009). More than 30 tumor suppressor genes as well as more than 100 dominant oncogenes have been found to be associated with various types of cancers (Rang et al., 2007). Characteristics of Cancer cells The genetic basis of cancer has been revealed through numerous animal models. The Cancer Genome Atlas aims at methodically differentiating the configurational source of cancer, through recognition of the genomic mutations linked with every cancer form. A match progress and description forms the basis of understanding growth and external appearance of the cancer or tumor called the phenotype of the cancer, is essential for